Perfil salarial y brecha de género en ciencia y tecnología: disparidades regionales en Brasil
Contenido principal del artículo
Introducción
Las economías con un fuerte componente STEM presentan mejores indicadores económicos y un mayor desempeño en términos de innovación y creación de nuevos empleos. Sin embargo, se sabe poco sobre la distribución salarial en STEM en Brasil y sus diferencias según el género y la región.
Objetivo
El objetivo de este artículo es investigar la distribución regional y la prima salarial de la fuerza laboral brasileña en STEM, analizando específicamente las disparidades de género entre los campos STEM y no STEM.
Metodología
Utilizando microdatos del Informe Anual de Información Social (RAIS), se aplica un modelo econométrico basado en la descomposición salarial Oaxaca-Ransom.
Resultados
La fuerza laboral STEM representa el 1,8% del mercado laboral formal y está distribuida de forma desigual: la mayor concentración se encuentra en el sureste y la menor en el norte y noreste. Las brechas de género en STEM varían por región, siendo menores en áreas STEM fundamentales y mayores en aquellas con más mujeres. Además, las primas salariales son más altas en el sur que en el norte.
Conclusiones
Nuestros hallazgos resaltan la distribución geográfica del trabajo en STEM en las regiones brasileñas y las diferencias regionales en los campos de conocimiento. Observamos que los hombres presentan mayores primas salariales que las mujeres en un conjunto más amplio de actividades.
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