Sociedad y Economía

Wage Profile and Gender Gap in Science and Technology: Regional Disparities in Brazil

Patricia Bonini — 2025-05-27

Introduction

Economies with a strong STEM component tend to show better economic indicators and perform better in terms of innovation and job creation. However, little is known about wage distribution in STEM in Brazil and how it varies by gender and region.

Objective

This article aims to investigate the regional distribution and wage premium of the Brazilian STEM workforce, with a specific focus on gender disparities between STEM and non-STEM fields.

Methodology

Using microdata from the Annual Social Information Report (RAIS), we apply an econometric model that adapts the Oaxaca-Ransom wage decomposition.

Results

The STEM workforce represents 1.8% of the formal labor market and is unevenly distributed: the highest concentration is in the Southeast, and the lowest in the North and Northeast. Gender gaps in STEM vary by region, being smaller in core STEM areas and larger in those with higher female representation. Moreover, wage premiums are higher in the South than in the North.

Conclusion

Our findings highlight the geographical distribution of STEM employment across Brazilian regions and the regional differences in fields of knowledge. We observe that men receive higher wage premium than women across a broader range of activities.

Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions in Mexican Literature

JAVIER MUÑOZ-OROZCO — 2025-08-17

This research is based on Hofstede’s work about Cultural Dimensions applied specifically to Mexican culture as it appears in the work of famous Mexican literature writers. The research made by Hofstede on 74 countries describe some traits that are common to these countries in different degrees, and serve as a basis for further studies regarding the particular and profound meaning that each country gives to that dimensions. In the case of this study an analysis is made of the three dimensions where Mexico scores highly: Power Distance, Masculinity and Indulgence. The research method is based on the analysis of Mexican literature and history due to the holistic and integrative character of these two disciplines. The findings corroborate greatly the high scores of these three dimensions, and give an explanation of their psychological meaning for Mexican people.

Italian Immigrants in the Corrientes Elite: Marriages in the City of Corrientes (1831-1914)

Maisa Ronit Angelina Oliveira — 2025-08-17

Este artículo propone, en primer lugar, estudiar las pautas matrimoniales de los inmigrantes oriundos de la península itálica, establecidos en la ciudad de Corrientes, a partir del análisis de actas matrimoniales, religiosas y civiles. En segundo lugar, aborda las uniones de aquellos peninsulares que se integraron a la élite correntina. Con estos objetivos se consultan, además de las actas mencionadas, fuentes documentales como expedientes administrativos y protocolos notariales. La sociedad correntina, y particularmente la élite, se mostraron permeables al ingreso de peninsulares a sus familias y propiciaron uniones de sus mujeres con los hombres foráneos más prósperos, aunque el matrimonio no significase la única vía de ingreso a la alta sociedad.