Sociedad y Economía

Transformations, Contradictions and Paradoxes of the Colombian Coffee Cultural Landscape: A Literature Review

Diego Fernando Cruz-Rincón — 2024-03-04

This review article constructs a state-of-the-art perspective on the Coffee Cultural Landscape of Colombia (CCLC), enabling us to uncover patterns of knowledge, methodological approaches, and gaps in the literature. The selected sources for compilation were WoS, Scopus, EBSCOhost, and Redalyc. We identified fifty-four articles from 2007 to 2021. The content was organized into an analysis matrix and bibliographic sheets for each document, followed by a content analysis. We found that, firstly, the researchers proposed changes in relation to the CCLC; secondly, there were arguments that contradicted the authors or were opposed to reality; and finally, there were elements that seemed to lack logic in the established frameworks for action. We conclude with the need to rethink the relationships between institutions and social actors of the CCLC, strengthen the methodological frameworks of research, and generate solutions for the sustainability of heritage.

Oil Bourgeoisie and State Redistributions: The Case of Argentina During the Macri Administration (2015-2019)

Sebastián Gómez Lende — 2024-02-26

The relationship between hydrocarbons and accumulation by dispossession has a long history in Argentina and has always developed within a framework marked by state redistributions. This article describes and analyzes the policies implemented by the government of M. Macri (2015-2019) to bolster and enhance the profitability of the oil bourgeoisie. It does so by using academic literature, official statistics, and reports from environmental organizations. The study is based on four categories of analysis: colonization of state regulatory bodies; commercial, fiscal, and monetary privileges; concession and foreignization of hydrocarbon areas; and socialization of entrepreneurial risk. It concludes that Macri’s hydrocarbon policy was a hybrid of neoliberalism and (neo)developmentalism, marked by conflicts of interest between the State and capital, the imposition of market discipline on consumers, and the political production of profitability for both local and foreign oil companies. This policy generated poor results in terms of self-supply and energy sovereignty.

Macroeconomic Outlook to 2029: Peru

Jaime Martín Murguía Marañon — 2024-03-20

This research aims to forecast the macroeconomic dynamics of Peru up to the year 2029 through the analysis and prediction of time series for GDP, TITP, AVD, GST, and SCT indicators. The research is non-experimental, quantitative, and descriptive, employing a univariate method that applies triple exponential smoothing. The time series analysis yielded trends, seasonality, and white noise components for each indicator. We found that the increasing trend component is predominant for GDP, GST, and TITP, while for the SCT and AVD indicators, the trend component is flat. Despite the COVID-19 crisis, Peru is macroeconomically equipped to face the challenges of the global and market economy at the end of the 2020-2030 decade.

Massive Crimes, Individual Tragedies. The Unbearable Truths of Transitional Justice

Andrés Fernando Suárez — 2024-02-29

This article explores the relationship between the acknowledgment of mass crimes and the elucidation of individual tragedies within the judicial contexts of transitional justice. It reviews and analyzes the narratives of victims and perpetrators across various judicial scenarios within the transitional justice models of the Justice and Peace Law and the Special Jurisdiction for Peace in Colombia. The findings reveal a discrepancy between the truths presented by those most accountable and the truths anticipated by the victims. Both parties perceive these truths as highly contentious and unbearable, underpinned by suspicion and mutual distrust. Many of these unbearable truths stem from oblivion and ignorance, deindividualization, organizational compartmentalization, arbitrariness beyond complicity, and disregard for civilians and their recognition as victims. These realities are deeply intertwined with the dynamics of the armed conflict.

Transparency Criteria and Triple Impact Companies in the Colombian Amazorinoquia 2020

Emanuel Alejandro Rodríguez Ochoa — 2024-03-25

The enactment of Colombia’s Law 1901 of 2018, which pertains to Benefit and Collective Interest Companies (BIC, as per its Spanish acronym), has generated challenges for entities related to its promotion and implementation. This model is underpinned by corporate transparency criteria. This research explores the likelihood that companies registered with the Chamber of Commerce of Villavicencio will implement the model across its five dimensions and aims to identify factors that facilitate its adoption. Utilizing a quantitative methodology, factorial reduction, cluster analysis, and linear regressions, we found a high probability of adoption and a triple impact orientation among the Amazorinoquía companies. This orientation is evident in the Business Model dimension and in the relationship with suppliers, thereby generating challenges in transparency.

Policy Integration and Coordination in COVID-19 Times: A State of the Art

Esther Parra Ramírez — 2024-02-26

This state-of-the-art analysis provides a review of research production on policy coordination and integration during times of uncertainty and ambiguity, such as the COVID-19 health crisis. A review of studies conducted in Europe and America, particularly between 2015 and 2022, was undertaken. The conclusion drawn is that the implementation of integration and coordination depends on the differences in political systems, social and cultural characteristics, partisan orientations, and leadership styles. Coordination schemes are more feasible in strong central governments, and integration is more frequent in countries with greater sub-regional autonomy. The COVID-19 crisis served as a “litmus test”. Latin America presents greater complexity due to institutional and structural weaknesses that facilitated the concentration of presidential power and the “normalization” of curtailed freedoms, as well as decision-making based on “states of exception”.

Salary Returns of ESAP Public Administration Program Graduates

Carlos David Alape Gamez — 2024-03-04

The aim of this research is to identify the factors influencing the salary returns of Public Administration graduates from the Escuela Superior de Administración Pública (ESAP). We conducted a characterization of the labor structure using data from the 2021 Graduate Survey. This analysis is grounded in the Human Capital Theory, and the methodology extends the returns function proposed by Mincer (1974). The models we estimated reveal that higher levels of education correlate with higher average earnings. However, we also identified potential wage gaps among graduates with specializations and master’s degrees in public administration, as the latter group earns between 4% and 26% more than those with undergraduate degrees.

Economic Evaluation of Services of the El Burro Wetland, Bogotá, Colombia

Maribel Pinilla — 2024-03-20

The aim of this research is to apply an economic valuation methodology to determine the willingness to pay for the ecosystem services of the El Burro wetland, with the goal of supporting its management and conservation. To achieve this, we conducted a characterization of the wetland’s environmental profile, followed by the identification of the ecosystem services it provides. We then employed a choice experiment that focused on factors such as the possibility of wildlife sightings, water quality, and the protection of an endemic bird species. This experiment was administered to residents, whose choices provided valuable insights into their preferences and well-being. The main findings revealed that people positively value the enhancement of wetland ecosystem services, demonstrating a willingness to pay $4531 COP in water and sewer bill value for a wetland conservation program.