Sociedad y Economía

The Relationship Between Financial Development and Brazilian GDP per Capita

João Guilherme Magalhães Timotio — 2025-03-17

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between financial development (measured in terms of the evolution of financial institutions) and GDP per capita in Brazil (a representative measure of the average income of the Brazilian population). The most suitable method for data operationalization was the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model. A long-term relationship between the model's variables was identified through the confirmation of cointegration. Specifically, in the long term, all variables demonstrated statistical significance. Access to financial institutions returned a negative value; however, the variables of financial depth and efficiency of financial institutions were positively related. In the short term, only the financial depth variable showed statistical significance, but with a sign opposite to that found in the long term. In summary, the findings underscore the importance of financial development in promoting the average income of the Brazilian population.

Perception of Climate Change Adaptation in Black Agricultural Communities of Santa Cecilia, Risaralda, Colombia

Omar Quinto Mosquera — 2025-03-09

Introduction

Climate change affects agricultural production systems by altering rainfall patterns. In rural areas of Colombia, increased rainfall and temperature cause damage to crops due to water stress, and the arrival of pests and diseases. In this collective territory, agriculture is the basis of subsistence and ancestral activity where communities adapt to environmental conditions through spontaneous practices.

Objective

The purpose of this work was to understand farmers' perception of climate change, in relation to the impact on agriculture and ancestral practices of the Black communities of Santa Cecilia, municipality of Pueblo Rico, Risaralda, period 1991-2021.

Methodology

The methodology was qualitative descriptive. Twenty-six interviews were carried out with farmers, and with different agro-productive associations in the collective territory.

Results

The results indicated that through Law 70 of 1993, community councils were created in the national territory, recognizing ethnic and cultural communities; as well as their association and participation in decision-making to counteract the impact of climate change on agriculture and its solidarity economy.

Conclusions

Among the conclusions, we can say that the links between communities and the natural environment have allowed the adaptation of crops with practices that favor biodiversity, such as the diversification of crops on the same land together with native herbaceous and forest species, and the use of extracts based on native plants for phytosanitary control.

Systematic Review on the Impact of Venezuelan Migration in Colombia: Analysis of Socioeconomic Consequences (2016-2023)

Luis Alveiro Galvis Vega — 2025-02-26

This article provides a comprehensive compilation of information published between 2018 and 2023 regarding the socio-economic impacts generated in Colombia due to the extensive Venezuelan migration, which peaked between 2016 and 2019. Employing the PRISMA method and considering the WOS and SCOPUS databases, 39 relevant articles were identified and analyzed. From these, the systematic review revealed significant data regarding key consequences, with a primary focus on health, education, security, and the Colombian economy. This stems from the fact that the majority of examined articles address these social and cultural aspects, offering a comprehensive insight into the challenges and opportunities arising in the context of Venezuelan migration in Colombia.