Sociedad y Economía
type: channel
description: The journal Sociedad y Economía is a Latin American publication aimed at researchers who are interested in the understanding of social dynamics and economic processes. To this end, its pages publish academic articles in the fields of economics, sociology and, in general, the social sciences.
publisher: Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Económicas
language: en
publication name: Sociedad y Economía
issn: 2389-9050
copyright: Revista sociedad y economía editada por la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Económicas de la Universidad del Valle se encuentra bajo una Licencia Internacional Creative Commons Atribución - No comercial 4.0 Basada en una obra en http://sociedadyeconomia.univalle.edu.co
items: Care as a Fundamental Right: An Urgent Vindication as a Historical Correction Affecting Mainly Women
items: Intersectional Analysis of the Care Economy in Bogotá: Territorial Inequalities and Local Needs
items: The Care Apples and Their Implications on the Lifestyles of Women Caregivers in Bogotá, Colombia
items: Care Needs and Family Care for Older Persons in Brazil
items: Transformations, Contradictions and Paradoxes of the Colombian Coffee Cultural Landscape: A Literature Review
items: Foto ganadora Concurso "Arte & Ciencia" 2024
items: The Urban and Rural Cadastre of Valle del Cauca, 1919
items: Wage Profile and Gender Gap in Science and Technology: Regional Disparities in Brazil
items: Trends and State of Research on Tourist Routes. A Bibliometric and Narrative Analysis of Literature
items: From Deindustrialization to the Tertiarization of the Colombian Economy: Employment as the Main Loser
items: Short-term effects of COVID-19 on income distribution in Colombia's five major cities
items: The Relationship Between Financial Development and Brazilian GDP per Capita
items: Tensions and Agreements in Global Times in the Religious Field of Manizales, Colombia
items: Systematic Review on the Impact of Venezuelan Migration in Colombia: Analysis of Socioeconomic Consequences (2016-2023)
items: Perception of Climate Change Adaptation in Black Agricultural Communities of Santa Cecilia, Risaralda, Colombia
items: When care transcends the human: Afrodescendant women and their defense of common goods in Bocas del Palo community council
items: Childcare in the Central Region of Argentina: An Analysis of Gender and Socioeconomic Inequalities
items: Gaps in Participation in Unpaid Care Work: The Case of Colombia
items: Teaching and Unpaid Care Work During the COVID-19 Pandemic
items: Social Protection Without Borders: Latin American Challenges in the Reform of the International Financial Architecture
items: Sexual-Racialized Labor Relations in Paid Home Work.
items: Exploratory Analysis of Unemployment Heterogeneity in the Department of Antioquia, Colombia
items: Popular Markets as Spaces for the Development of Sociocultural Processes in the Americas
items: Community Environmental Education and Environmentally Sustainable Mining in Chaparral, Tolima, Colombia
items: Tenant Households and Housing-Induced Poverty in Argentina
items: Effects of Depressive Disorder on Employment Income in Brazil
items: Overeducation Among University Graduates in STEM Fields in Peru
items: Market wage premium and publications of tenured faculty at Universidad de Costa Rica
items: Reseña. Mujeres al oriente de Cali: desigualdades al descubierto
items: How to measure, compare and evaluate electricity billing policies: towards an Indicator of tariff fairness and reasonableness

Care as a Fundamental Right: An Urgent Vindication as a Historical Correction Affecting Mainly Women
type: item
description: In the evolution of Colombian constitutional law, the concept of care has gained relevance by linking fundamental rights with public welfare policies. The jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court and legislative advances have recognized it as essential to guarantee rights such as health, education, pension, equality, non-discrimination and human dignity. This study analyzes, from a jurisprudential line and the Colombian regulatory framework, how care has been configured since the creation of the Constitutional Court, first as a human right and then as a fundamental right. It also examines the co-responsible obligations between family, State and society in order to make visible their implications and transformations.
subject: Main topic
  topic: section
subject: derechos fundamentales
  topic: keywords
subject: derechos humanos
  topic: keywords
subject: derechos de las mujeres
  topic: keywords
subject: economía del cuidado
  topic: keywords
subject: derecho fundamental al cuidado
  topic: keywords
creator: Luisa Alejandra Saldarriaga-Quintero
creator: Dora Cecilia Saldarriaga Grisales
creator: Juan Jacobo Agudelo-Galeano
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Sociedad y Economía http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-11
publication date: 2025-12-11
doi: 10.25100/sye.v0i56.14783

Intersectional Analysis of the Care Economy in Bogotá: Territorial Inequalities and Local Needs
type: item
description: The care economy is a fundamental pillar of social well-being, but its distribution in Bogotá shows significant territorial inequalities. This study analyzes how the demand for care varies across the city according to the geographic distribution and socioeconomic conditions of each locality, considering factors such as gender-based violence, generational change, education, household income, female poverty, and access to the Manzanas del Cuidado. From an intersectional approach, a descriptive statistical analysis is conducted by locality using sources such as the Multipurpose Survey and administrative records from DANE. The results reveal a strong heterogeneity in the supply and demand for care, as well as gender inequality in the labor market, particularly in terms of paid and unpaid work, affecting low-income and vulnerable localities the most. This analysis serves as a key input for the formulation of public policies aimed at developing an efficient and comprehensive District Care System.
subject: Main topic
  topic: section
subject: care economy
  topic: keywords
subject: Intersectionality
  topic: keywords
subject: Bogota
  topic: keywords
subject: Gender inequality
  topic: keywords
subject: District Care System
  topic: keywords
creator: Helen Granados Rodríguez
creator: Lina Maria Alvarez Ardila
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Sociedad y Economía http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
doi: 10.25100/sye.v0i56.14726

The Care Apples and Their Implications on the Lifestyles of Women Caregivers in Bogotá, Colombia
type: item
description: The purpose of this manuscript is to identify the implications of care apples on the lifestyles of women caregivers in Bogotá, Colombia. Since their implementation (2020-2024), the care apples have developed an infrastructure of social services and essential care at the district level, targeting women from all socioeconomic backgrounds. Therefore, this manuscript seeks to answer the following question: What have been the implications of care apples on the lifestyles of women caregivers in Bogotá, Colombia? To address this question, a qualitative approach was adopted, along with research techniques typical of this approach, particularly the structured interview. Among the main conclusions is the self-recognition, visibility, and integration of care work—traditionally performed by women—as a mechanism for reducing gender inequalities and poverty.
subject: Main topic
  topic: section
subject: cuidados; mujeres; organización social; desigualdades de género, pobreza
  topic: keywords
creator: Yolanda Álvarez Sánchez
creator: Patricia Paola Ruiz Gómez
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Sociedad y Economía http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-18
publication date: 2025-12-18
doi: 10.25100/sye.v0i56.14721

Care Needs and Family Care for Older Persons in Brazil
type: item
description: Introduction With populations aging and associated fiscal pressures, care provision has become an important issue in economics and policy. However, our understanding of care provision and care gaps still has important limitations. Effective policy formulation is not possible, and continued reliance on family care limits women’s employment options, perpetuating social and gender inequalities. Objective We use the 2019 National Health Survey to identify care needs and family care loads in Brazil, extending earlier work and contributing to current debates about care policy in Brazil and Latin America. Methodology We describe how much help Brazilians over 60 years need with activities of daily living and develop first estimates of the time required for this care. We use an OLS regression to identify the characteristics of individuals who need more help and measure the availability of family members to meet these needs. Results Of the approximately 20% of Brazilians over 60 years who report difficulty with at least one ADL, around 25% would require more than 10 hours a week of assistance. Those needing more assistance are likely to be older, urban women living in a house (as opposed to an apartment), not in the highest income quartile, and living with more adults, more non- working adults, and more non-working women. Conclusions For many working women in care-needing households without non-working women, care loads are very significant. In the context of discussions about Brazil’s National Care Plan, these findings highlight the costs of family care and show that state policy is needed to complement family car.
subject: Main topic
  topic: section
subject: Care
  topic: keywords
subject: Brazil
  topic: keywords
subject: Gender
  topic: keywords
subject: Older Persons
  topic: keywords
subject: Household
  topic: keywords
creator: Mieke Meurs
creator: Rafaela Rodrigues
creator: Cristina Vieceli
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Sociedad y Economía http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-11-23
publication date: 2025-11-23
doi: 10.25100/sye.v0i56.14779

Transformations, Contradictions and Paradoxes of the Colombian Coffee Cultural Landscape: A Literature Review
type: item
description: This review article constructs a state-of-the-art perspective on the Coffee Cultural Landscape of Colombia (CCLC), enabling us to uncover patterns of knowledge, methodological approaches, and gaps in the literature. The selected sources for compilation were WoS, Scopus, EBSCOhost, and Redalyc. We identified fifty-four articles from 2007 to 2021. The content was organized into an analysis matrix and bibliographic sheets for each document, followed by a content analysis. We found that, firstly, the researchers proposed changes in relation to the CCLC; secondly, there were arguments that contradicted the authors or were opposed to reality; and finally, there were elements that seemed to lack logic in the established frameworks for action. We conclude with the need to rethink the relationships between institutions and social actors of the CCLC, strengthen the methodological frameworks of research, and generate solutions for the sustainability of heritage.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: coffee
  topic: keywords
subject: cultural heritage
  topic: keywords
subject: conservation of cultural property
  topic: keywords
subject: regional development
  topic: keywords
creator: Diego Fernando Cruz-Rincón
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Sociedad y Economía http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2024-03-04
publication date: 2024-03-04
starting page: e10112226
ending page: e10112226
doi: 10.25100/sye.v0i51.12226

Foto ganadora Concurso "Arte & Ciencia" 2024
type: item
description: Los frutos de mi Cauca
subject: Presentación
  topic: section
subject: biotecnología
  topic: keywords
subject: bioeconomía
  topic: keywords
subject: medio ambiente
  topic: keywords
subject: energía sostenible
  topic: keywords
creator: Jhennifer Lopez Silva
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Sociedad y Economía http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2024-12-25
publication date: 2024-12-25
doi: 10.25100/sye.v0i53.15096

The Urban and Rural Cadastre of Valle del Cauca, 1919
type: item
description: This article brings to light the 1919 Urban and Rural Cadastre of Valle del Cauca, an unpublished document recently discovered in the Central Archive of the Governorship of Valle del Cauca. To analyze this histori cadastre, this article first described some key elements regarding the heuristics of its documentary typology and the main features of the Government written performance. Secondly, it presents a general overview of the urban and rural issues presented in light of its data. Finally, it gives a detailed transcription of the entire document, including the number of owners, building materials and specifications, type of crops, and number of farming land, etc.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Administración Municipal
  topic: keywords
subject: gobiernos locales
  topic: keywords
subject: concentración y acceso a la tierra
  topic: keywords
subject: datos estadísticos
  topic: keywords
creator: hansel mera
creator: José Fernando Sánchez Salcedo
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Sociedad y Economía http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-05-22
publication date: 2025-05-22
doi: 10.25100/sye.v0i54.13517

Wage Profile and Gender Gap in Science and Technology: Regional Disparities in Brazil
type: item
description: Introduction Economies with a strong STEM component tend to show better economic indicators and perform better in terms of innovation and job creation. However, little is known about wage distribution in STEM in Brazil and how it varies by gender and region. Objective This article aims to investigate the regional distribution and wage premium of the Brazilian STEM workforce, with a specific focus on gender disparities between STEM and non-STEM fields. Methodology Using microdata from the Annual Social Information Report (RAIS), we apply an econometric model that adapts the Oaxaca-Ransom wage decomposition. Results The STEM workforce represents 1.8% of the formal labor market and is unevenly distributed: the highest concentration is in the Southeast, and the lowest in the North and Northeast. Gender gaps in STEM vary by region, being smaller in core STEM areas and larger in those with higher female representation. Moreover, wage premiums are higher in the South than in the North. Conclusion Our findings highlight the geographical distribution of STEM employment across Brazilian regions and the regional differences in fields of knowledge. We observe that men receive higher wage premium than women across a broader range of activities.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: STEM
  topic: keywords
subject: gender gap
  topic: keywords
subject: wage premium
  topic: keywords
subject: Brazilian regions
  topic: keywords
subject: female participation
  topic: keywords
subject: RAIS
  topic: keywords
subject: regional disparities
  topic: keywords
subject: STEM occupations
  topic: keywords
subject: econometric model
  topic: keywords
subject: Oaxaca-Ransom decomposition
  topic: keywords
subject: STEM fields
  topic: keywords
subject: labor market
  topic: keywords
creator: Patricia Bonini
creator: Fernanda da Silva
creator: Gabriela Sótero
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Sociedad y Economía http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-05-27
publication date: 2025-05-27
starting page: e10114358
ending page: e10114358
doi: 10.25100/sye.v0i55.14358

Trends and State of Research on Tourist Routes. A Bibliometric and Narrative Analysis of Literature
type: item
description: Tourist routes are one of the essential elements in the world of tourism. From historical and cultural itineraries to adventure routes and ecotourism, each route offers a series of attractions that allow travelers to discover new destinations and enjoy exciting activities. Despite the extensive literature, offerings, and documentation on tourist routes, there is a lack of comprehensive and up-to-date bibliometric studies that account for the intellectual structure of knowledge and research trends through the use of data analytics tools. The methodology employed used 407 documents available in the Web of Science and Scopus databases to develop a scientific mapping and construct a theoretical framework, in the form of a literary narrative, based on the Tree of Science algorithm. Among the main findings are the research trends in tourist routes, identifying three thematic clusters related to tourism planning, sustainable tourism, and cultural tourism.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Tourist routes
  topic: keywords
subject: Tourism
  topic: keywords
subject: Tourist
  topic: keywords
subject: Bibliometrics
  topic: keywords
subject: Tree of Science
  topic: keywords
creator: Jaime Andrés Vieira Salazar
creator: Alejandro Echeverri Rubio
creator: Juley Mireya Rico Martínez
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Sociedad y Economía http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-04-20
publication date: 2025-04-20
doi: 10.25100/sye.v0i54.13093

From Deindustrialization to the Tertiarization of the Colombian Economy: Employment as the Main Loser
type: item
description: This article examines the process of deindustrialization in Colombia from the second half of the twentieth century to the present and its impact on employment. Using long-term time series, we analyze the impact of national income on real sectoral value added and job creation. The empirical evidence shows a greater dynamism of the commerce and services sector compared to manufacturing industries; however, in terms of job generation, the impact of industry is notably higher. The econometric models used indicate that if the value added of commerce and services increases by one percentage point, employment will increase by 0.44%, while if the value added of manufacturing industries increases by one percentage point, employment will increase by 0.71%. In sum, the progressive deindustrialization and its counterpart, the tertiarization of the colombian economy, explain the lower dynamism in the creation of job opportunities.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Employment; economic structure; industrial productivity; manufacturing industry; tertiary sector.
  topic: keywords
creator: Mario Eduardo Hidalgo Villota
creator: Edwin Ignacio Tarapuez Chamorro
creator: Juan Manuel Aristizábal Tamayo
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Sociedad y Economía http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-04-20
publication date: 2025-04-20
doi: 10.25100/sye.v0i54.14346

Short-term effects of COVID-19 on income distribution in Colombia's five major cities
type: item
description: We analyzed changes in household income distribution across the five major Colombian cities from 2018 to 2021 using micro data from GEIH and the nonparametric Relative Distribution Method (RDM). We examine the relative income distributions and polarization indices for four intervals: 2018-2019, 2019-2020, 2020-2021, and 2018-2021. Results show that in Bogota, Medellin, Cali, and Barranquilla, household income polarization increased in 2018-2019, decreased in 2019-2020, and increased again for 2020-2021. In Medellin, in all periods, there was income polarization. In the first period, Bucaramanga exhibits a reduction in polarization and, in the other periods, an increase. For the whole period (2018-2021) in Bucaramanga, Medellin, Cali, and Bogota, polarization and Barranquilla polarization decreased. This study contributes to the literature in at least two aspects. For the first time, it employs the MDR to study changes in income distributions at the municipal level. And second, it generates evidence of what happened with the distribution of household income during the pandemic period.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: income distribution
  topic: keywords
subject: relative distribution
  topic: keywords
subject: polarization index
  topic: keywords
subject: non-parametric method
  topic: keywords
subject: Covid-19 Pandemic
  topic: keywords
creator: Julio César Alonso Cifuentes
creator: Viviana Chavarriaga Antonio
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Sociedad y Economía http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-04-25
publication date: 2025-04-25
doi: 10.25100/sye.v0i54.12981

The Relationship Between Financial Development and Brazilian GDP per Capita
type: item
description: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between financial development (measured in terms of the evolution of financial institutions) and GDP per capita in Brazil (a representative measure of the average income of the Brazilian population). The most suitable method for data operationalization was the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model. A long-term relationship between the model's variables was identified through the confirmation of cointegration. Specifically, in the long term, all variables demonstrated statistical significance. Access to financial institutions returned a negative value; however, the variables of financial depth and efficiency of financial institutions were positively related. In the short term, only the financial depth variable showed statistical significance, but with a sign opposite to that found in the long term. In summary, the findings underscore the importance of financial development in promoting the average income of the Brazilian population.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Financial development
  topic: keywords
subject: GDP per capita
  topic: keywords
subject: Average income
  topic: keywords
subject: Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL)
  topic: keywords
subject: Brazil
  topic: keywords
creator: João Guilherme Magalhães Timotio
creator: Francisco Vidal Barbosa
creator: Bruno Perez Ferreira
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Sociedad y Economía http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-03-17
publication date: 2025-03-17
doi: 10.25100/sye.v0i54.13332

Tensions and Agreements in Global Times in the Religious Field of Manizales, Colombia
type: item
description: Introduction Religious pluralism became more prominent in Manizales during the 1990s, leading to the loss of the Catholic Church's monopoly on symbolic goods of salvation. Objective This article aims to conceptualize the tensions and agreements that emerged in the religious field of the city between 2010 and 2022. Methodology The research was carried out using a qualitative approach, employing secondary historical sources that first allowed for a historical characterization of the field. Subsequently, a review of the La Patria newspaper from the specified period was conducted. For data analysis, discourse analysis was used, with the understanding that religious dispositions are expressed through gestures, words, meanings, and interpretations, which are the central components of discourse. Results The results indicated that, in recent times, the religious field of Manizales has experienced contradictions between newly arrived religious groups and the Catholic Church. These tensions have manifested in forms of cultural, direct, and structural violence, according to Galtung's theory. Conclusions It is concluded that, during the study period, the struggle for the monopoly on symbolic goods of salvation has intensified, which has created a need for legal regulations and pedagogical actions by the local state to promote religious pluralism.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Dialogo interreligioso
  topic: keywords
subject: habitus
  topic: keywords
subject: campo
  topic: keywords
subject: bienes simbólicos de salvación
  topic: keywords
creator: Carlos Armando Villa Aristizabal
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Sociedad y Economía http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-04-04
publication date: 2025-04-04
doi: 10.25100/sye.v0i54.13402

Systematic Review on the Impact of Venezuelan Migration in Colombia: Analysis of Socioeconomic Consequences (2016-2023)
type: item
description: This article provides a comprehensive compilation of information published between 2018 and 2023 regarding the socio-economic impacts generated in Colombia due to the extensive Venezuelan migration, which peaked between 2016 and 2019. Employing the PRISMA method and considering the WOS and SCOPUS databases, 39 relevant articles were identified and analyzed. From these, the systematic review revealed significant data regarding key consequences, with a primary focus on health, education, security, and the Colombian economy. This stems from the fact that the majority of examined articles address these social and cultural aspects, offering a comprehensive insight into the challenges and opportunities arising in the context of Venezuelan migration in Colombia.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Colombia
  topic: keywords
subject: health
  topic: keywords
subject: Education
  topic: keywords
subject: Security
  topic: keywords
subject: Venezuelan migration
  topic: keywords
creator: Luis Alveiro Galvis Vega
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Sociedad y Economía http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-02-26
publication date: 2025-02-26
doi: 10.25100/sye.v0i54.13368

Perception of Climate Change Adaptation in Black Agricultural Communities of Santa Cecilia, Risaralda, Colombia
type: item
description: Introduction Climate change affects agricultural production systems by altering rainfall patterns. In rural areas of Colombia, increased rainfall and temperature cause damage to crops due to water stress, and the arrival of pests and diseases. In this collective territory, agriculture is the basis of subsistence and ancestral activity where communities adapt to environmental conditions through spontaneous practices. Objective The purpose of this work was to understand farmers' perception of climate change, in relation to the impact on agriculture and ancestral practices of the Black communities of Santa Cecilia, municipality of Pueblo Rico, Risaralda, period 1991-2021. Methodology The methodology was qualitative descriptive. Twenty-six interviews were carried out with farmers, and with different agro-productive associations in the collective territory. Results The results indicated that through Law 70 of 1993, community councils were created in the national territory, recognizing ethnic and cultural communities; as well as their association and participation in decision-making to counteract the impact of climate change on agriculture and its solidarity economy. Conclusions Among the conclusions, we can say that the links between communities and the natural environment have allowed the adaptation of crops with practices that favor biodiversity, such as the diversification of crops on the same land together with native herbaceous and forest species, and the use of extracts based on native plants for phytosanitary control.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Climate change
  topic: keywords
subject: Adaptive processes
  topic: keywords
subject: Agricultural production
  topic: keywords
subject: Traditional production systems
  topic: keywords
subject: Collective territory
  topic: keywords
creator: Omar Quinto Mosquera
creator: Gloria Clemencia Amaya Castaño
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Sociedad y Economía http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-03-09
publication date: 2025-03-09
starting page: e10213359
ending page: e10213359
doi: 10.25100/sye.v0i54.13359

When care transcends the human: Afrodescendant women and their defense of common goods in Bocas del Palo community council
type: item
description: This paper reports on the struggle of women from the Afro-descendant community at Bocas del Palo Council (Jamundí, Colombia) in a context of deep inequalities and injustice. From the perspective of the ethics of care and socio-ecological justice, we explore herein how these women have developed resistance against environmental conflicts and, how through their worldviews and community organization, they have safeguarded both their community’s well-being and the natural environment. By combining qualitative and spatial methods, this study shows that their leadership has fostered alternative approaches to territorial management by integrating care for nature as a central dimension of justice and gender struggles. The findings also reveal how the actions of the community council have contributed to ecosystem conservation and have established an alternative strategy for defending and managing common goods in a territory marked by severe environmental conflicts.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Ethics of care
  topic: keywords
subject: Work of care
  topic: keywords
subject: Socioecological justice
  topic: keywords
creator: Federico Pinzón Pinzón
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Sociedad y Economía http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-08-31
publication date: 2025-08-31
doi: 10.25100/sye.v0i55.14802

Childcare in the Central Region of Argentina: An Analysis of Gender and Socioeconomic Inequalities
type: item
description: This article aims to analyze child care home configuration in the central region of the country, based on the intersection of socioeconomic and gender inequalities. Some of the main results of a research carried out within the framework of a master's thesis are presented and some decisions of the research process are recovered in a methodological-feminist reflexivity key. It is assumed a quantitative methodological approach, and data available from the National Survey of Social Structure were used. The work accounts for the primacy of two home models that have different forms of provision and generate disparate conditions of possibility to organize care. Likewise, the persistent maternalization of child care in the region and a tendency towards commodification in early childhood are recognized. In summary, divergent ways of caring for children are recognized based on the gender who leads the home, and therefore the type of provision they have, the socioeconomic level and the age of the children.
subject: Main topic
  topic: section
subject: Child care
  topic: keywords
subject: Gender
  topic: keywords
subject: Care organization
  topic: keywords
subject: Central Region
  topic: keywords
subject: Feminist methodology
  topic: keywords
creator: Luisina Logiodice
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Sociedad y Economía http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-11
publication date: 2025-12-11
doi: 10.25100/sye.v0i56.14794

Gaps in Participation in Unpaid Care Work: The Case of Colombia
type: item
description: Introduction In Colombia, wide gender gaps persist in the distribu- tion of time, although evidence at the departmental le- vel remains limited. Objective This article conducts a subnational analysis, estimating gender differences in participation in unpaid care work (UCW) across departments and identifying the demo- graphic, educational, and household factors associated with such participation. Methodology Using microdata from the 2022 GEIH (Other Forms of Work module), probabilistic models with departmental fixed effects, interactions, and controls for age, mi- gration, education, marital status, ethnic self-identifi- cation, and household characteristics were estimated. Predicted probabilities and marginal effects are presen- ted. Results Findings show that 92% of women engage in UCW ac- tivities, compared to 64% of men. The model confirms higher female participation probabilities in all depart- ments, with particularly wide gaps in San Andrés and Providencia (~50 percentage points) and significant differences in Cesar, Sucre, and Bolívar. These dispari- ties tend to narrow with higher educational levels but remain large among Afro-descendant and Indigenous populations, as well as among individuals with a migra- tory condition. Conclusions UCW disproportionately falls on women, with marked territorial heterogeneity. Therefore, care policies must adopt territorial, gender, and intercultural approaches, aligned with the National Care System and accompa- nied by strategies of shared responsibility, service pro- vision, and the right to time, in order to reduce these gaps and expand opportunities for well-being.
subject: Main topic
  topic: section
subject: Unpaid care work
  topic: keywords
subject: Time use
  topic: keywords
subject: Colombia
  topic: keywords
subject: participation gaps
  topic: keywords
creator: Karen Liseth Atis Ortega
creator: Claudia Liceth Fajardo Hoyos
creator: Yuliana Karolina González Hoyos
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Sociedad y Economía http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-10-21
publication date: 2025-10-21
doi: 10.25100/sye.v0i56.14784

Teaching and Unpaid Care Work During the COVID-19 Pandemic
type: item
description: El presente artículo tiene como objetivo conocer las experiencias de mujeres que son madres y ejercieron la docencia en la ciudad de Rosario (Argentina) durante el aislamiento social, preventivo y obligatorio, centrándonos en las preocupaciones y tensiones acontecidas en torno al trabajo de cuidados no remunerado. Para ello, se utiliza un enfoque metodológico cualitativo, a partir de la recolección y análisis de relatos escritos por docentes que dieron clases desde el hogar en el año 2020. Los mismos dieron cuenta de la superposición de tiempos y espacios entre el trabajo docente y las funciones de cuidado, la interrupción constante de los/as hijos/as a cargo en las clases virtuales, entre otras cuestiones relevantes. Con un marco teórico anclado en los estudios de género, las conclusiones principales indican que el trabajo docente en el hogar genera una sobrecarga e intensificación laboral específica en las docentes que son madres.
subject: Main topic
  topic: section
subject: teaching
  topic: keywords
subject: care
  topic: keywords
subject: work
  topic: keywords
subject: home
  topic: keywords
subject: pandemic
  topic: keywords
subject: narrative
  topic: keywords
subject: education
  topic: keywords
subject: women’s employment
  topic: keywords
subject: working mother
  topic: keywords
subject: gender inequalities
  topic: keywords
subject: crisis
  topic: keywords
subject: domestic worker
  topic: keywords
creator: Lorena Luz Sguigna
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Sociedad y Economía http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-03
publication date: 2025-12-03
doi: 10.25100/sye.v0i56.14782

Social Protection Without Borders: Latin American Challenges in the Reform of the International Financial Architecture
type: item
description: Introduction Amid the multiple crises the world is currently facing, an increase in migration linked to global care chains– largely led by women–is expected. In this context, it becomes urgent to debate the implementation and financing of transnational social protection policies. Objective This article proposes an integrated approach to the implementation of transnational social protection policies, in parallel with the reform of the international financial architecture, in order to create the fiscal space required to finance such policies. Methodology The article is based on a literature review of ongoing international debates and agreements. Results Global care chains have enabled high-income countries to reduce the costs associated with social reproduction and care work, without ensuring job quality or social protection, either during working life or in retirement. The reform of the international financial architecture, in terms of both international taxation and debt, aims to expand fiscal space. Conclusions From an ethics of care perspective and in line with the universal principles of human rights, this study argues for a collective and global responsibility in the distribution of the costs of social reproduction and care. Therefore, current debates must be able to integrate both processes—the design and implementation of transnational social protection policies and the reform of the international financial architecture—highlighting their interdependencies and the need for coordinated approaches from a feminist and Latin American perspective.
subject: Main topic
  topic: section
subject: Cuidados
  topic: keywords
subject: cadenas globales de cuidados
  topic: keywords
subject: protección social transnacional
  topic: keywords
subject: arquitectura financiera internacional
  topic: keywords
subject: América Latina
  topic: keywords
creator: Verónica Serafini Geoghegan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Sociedad y Economía http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-10-21
publication date: 2025-10-21
doi: 10.25100/sye.v0i56.14765

Sexual-Racialized Labor Relations in Paid Home Work.
type: item
description: This article addresses the main characteristics of the labor relations of paid domestic work that govern the working conditions of a group of indigenous Tsotsil and Tseltal women from Chiapas-Mexico. The information analyzed in this article is based on a qualitative methodology, based mainly on semi-structured interviews and reflective workshops. This research derives from the doctoral research process that I carried out between 2016 and 2019, in which the sexualized and racialized nature of the paid household work that this group of indigenous women has carried out from their childhood to the present is explored. The main conclusions of this research have to do with the racialized and paternalistic subjective controls, associated with the colonial servitude model, the wage forms and racist working conditions suffered by these indigenous domestic workers and that define the labor relations in which they are involved.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Labor Relations
  topic: keywords
subject: paid household work
  topic: keywords
subject: indigenous women
  topic: keywords
subject: racialized labor
  topic: keywords
subject: feminized work
  topic: keywords
creator: Astrid Yulieth Cuero Montenegro
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Sociedad y Economía http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-04-13
publication date: 2026-04-13
doi: 10.25100/sye.vi57.14768

Exploratory Analysis of Unemployment Heterogeneity in the Department of Antioquia, Colombia
type: item
description: Introduction The labor market in Antioquia exhibits significant disparities among its municipalities, linked to income, education, infrastructure, and unemployment. This study analyzes these inequalities from a center-periphery perspective, highlighting the Área Metropolitana del Valle de Aburrá as the privileged center in contrast to other subregions. Objective To explore the heterogeneity of unemployment in Antioquia and understand labor market disparities using advanced statistical techniques. Methodology Multiple Factor Analysis (MFA) and cluster analysis were employed. The MFA synthesized 2019 data related to demographics, education, wages, and labor market indicators from the department’s 125 municipalities, while cluster analysis grouped the municipalities based on similar characteristics. Results The factorial analysis revealed three main dimensions: Human capital (47.73% of the variance), dominated by variables related to education, internet access, and wages, with municipalities such as Medellín and Envigado standing out for their high educational and economic indicators. Demographic configuration (11.41%), linked to factors such as population distribution and the proportion of Afro-descendant population, where high unemployment rates are observed. Intra-departmental migration and social vulnerability, which jointly explain an additional 11.63%, reflecting migration toward economic centers and labor challenges in peripheral regions. The cluster analysis identified four groups of municipalities with marked regional inequalities. Conclusions The study reflects a development model concentrated in the center of the department, perpetuating disparities in the peripheries. Factors such as mismatches between labor supply and demand, and lack of access to essential services, call for inclusive strategies that prioritize infrastructure, education, and employment in the most vulnerable regions.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: labor market
  topic: keywords
subject: unemployment
  topic: keywords
subject: multiple factor analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: territorial development
  topic: keywords
subject: economic inequality
  topic: keywords
subject: human capital
  topic: keywords
subject: social vulnerability
  topic: keywords
subject: regional inequality
  topic: keywords
subject: internal migration
  topic: keywords
creator: William Álvarez-Valle
creator: John Edwar Torres-Gorrón
creator: Cristian Sánchez-Salazar
creator: Luisa Fernanda Quintero-Gómez
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Sociedad y Economía http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2024-12-12
publication date: 2024-12-12
starting page: e10313008
ending page: e10313008
doi: 10.25100/sye.v0i53.13008

Popular Markets as Spaces for the Development of Sociocultural Processes in the Americas
type: item
description: Introduction Popular or central markets in Latin America are fundamental settings for the commercial exchange of goods and services. Moreover, they serve as spaces for the preservation and transmission of traditional and folkloric knowledge and practices, hosting a wide array of cultural heritage expressions. Objective This research-creation project seeks to recognize the cultural value of these settings through the various categories of goods and expressions present, considering the influence of social, geographical, and human factors inherent to their cultural nature. Methodology The research-creation project is developed through direct experience, photographic exploration, bibliographic review, and a taxonomic approach to the products and practices found in these spaces. Photography is employed as a tool for both data collection and visual creation. Results Through a series of phases, it was possible to identify unifying and differentiating factors among several markets in the northern, central, and southern regions of the Americas. A taxonomy of the goods and practices present was established, revealing a set of social, multicultural, and intercultural processes materialized in the various elements housed within these spaces. Conclusiones The observation, documentation, and classification of the goods and practices present in popular markets allow for the identification of multiple multicultural and intercultural processes, acknowledging the value of these spaces as sites of memory and repositories of knowledge.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: handicrafts
  topic: keywords
subject: cultural asset
  topic: keywords
subject: traditional knowledge
  topic: keywords
subject: customs and traditions
  topic: keywords
subject: belief
  topic: keywords
subject: culture
  topic: keywords
subject: folklore
  topic: keywords
subject: cultural identity
  topic: keywords
subject: cultural research
  topic: keywords
subject: traditional medicine
  topic: keywords
subject: cultural heritage
  topic: keywords
subject: oral tradition
  topic: keywords
creator: Rafael Ángel-Bravo
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Sociedad y Economía http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2024-12-18
publication date: 2024-12-18
starting page: e10412836
ending page: e10412836
doi: 10.25100/sye.v0i53.12836

Community Environmental Education and Environmentally Sustainable Mining in Chaparral, Tolima, Colombia
type: item
description: Introduction Understanding the social, environmental, and regulatory context is essential when addressing subsistence gold mining. This activity can serve as a source of economic sustainability for some communities, yet it can become highly polluting if not carried out in accordance with environmental authority guidelines. In this regard, associativity among miners becomes a key element for achieving sustainable mining practices. Objective The study aimed to identify the influence of subsistence miners’ participation in community environmental education processes in order to promote environmentally sustainable mining. Methodology The research adopted a quantitative and deductive approach, developed in two phases: one descriptive and the other explanatory. Participants included subsistence miners from the Asociación de Mineros Artesanales del Tolima, in the municipality of Chaparral. Results The findings revealed that miners possess knowledge, practices, and traditions that support the implementation of good mining practices. They also value and make use of participatory spaces focused on community environmental education and the formalization of mining activities. Conclusions Knowledge of and proper compliance with environmental laws are essential to ensure community well-being and environmental protection. This knowledge has been strengthened through the support, guidance, and monitoring provided by the Asociación de Mineros Artesanales del Tolima, which has contributed to the adoption of good mining practices and greater sustainability in the activity.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: mining
  topic: keywords
subject: resource use
  topic: keywords
subject: sustainable development
  topic: keywords
subject: environmental education
  topic: keywords
subject: artisanal mining
  topic: keywords
subject: subsistence
  topic: keywords
subject: associativity
  topic: keywords
subject: rural communities
  topic: keywords
subject: environmental management
  topic: keywords
subject: mining formalization
  topic: keywords
subject: sustainable practices
  topic: keywords
subject: community participation
  topic: keywords
creator: Wendy Mayerly Vega-Ávila
creator: Martha Lucía García Naranjo
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Sociedad y Economía http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2024-12-25
publication date: 2024-12-25
starting page: e10512937
ending page: e10512937
doi: 10.25100/sye.v0i53.12937

Tenant Households and Housing-Induced Poverty in Argentina
type: item
description: Introduction In Argentina, nearly half of tenant households allocate more than 30% of their income to housing-related expenses. However, this measure does not account for the cost of other equally essential needs. Objective To estimate the extent of the rental housing affordability crisis in Argentina during 2017-2018 using a residual income approach, taking the poverty line as a reference. Methodology Using data from the 2017–2018 National Household Expenditure Survey and the poverty line, percentages of tenant households experiencing housing-induced poverty are estimated based on various sociodemographic characteristics and compared to those obtained using the 30% threshold. Subsequently, multivariate logistic regression analyses are conducted to identify which of these characteristics are associated with a higher probability of experiencing financial overburden from a residual income perspective. Results The percentages of households with housing-induced poverty are similar to those estimated using the 30% threshold but show a significantly different distribution according to the sociodemographic composition of households. Tenant households with greater economic dependency, mainly those with children, and/or headed by young individuals, with low education attainment and in low-skilled jobs, are more likely to face affordability problems. Conclusions A residual income approach enables a more accurate analysis of the constraints faced by tenant households by highlighting poverty resulting from housing cost burdens, especially due to high rental costs.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: rental housing
  topic: keywords
subject: poverty
  topic: keywords
subject: right to housing
  topic: keywords
subject: social inequality
  topic: keywords
subject: housing needs
  topic: keywords
subject: housing finance
  topic: keywords
subject: housing tenure
  topic: keywords
subject: household budgets
  topic: keywords
subject: family size
  topic: keywords
subject: economic dependency ratio
  topic: keywords
creator: Florencia Molinatti
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Sociedad y Economía http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2024-12-25
publication date: 2024-12-25
starting page: e10613614
ending page: e10613614
doi: 10.25100/sye.v0i53.13614

Effects of Depressive Disorder on Employment Income in Brazil
type: item
description: Introduction Depressive disorder is prevalent worldwide, with a particularly high impact in Brazil, where it mainly affects women. While most research on depression focuses on its clinical aspects, there is a scarcity of studies exploring the economic consequences of the disorder. Objective This study aims to analyze the effect of depressive disorder on income from work in Brazil in 2008, considering both men and women and how the illness affects them differently. Methodology Two dummy endogenous variable models were estimated to assess the impact of depressive disorder on labor income. These models account for the distinct effects of the disorder on men and women, reflecting the varying characteristics of the illness's impact. Results The findings indicate that depressive disorder reduces labor income by approximately 32.6% for women and 29.8% for men. This decrease in revenue is attributed to a reduction in individual productivity. Additionally, the illness can reduce labor supply, with some individuals leaving the labor market entirely. Conclusions The results highlight the significant economic impact of depressive disorder on labor income in Brazil. The findings suggest the need to incorporate mental health care into primary care public policies to mitigate the financial consequences of the illness.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: depressive disorder
  topic: keywords
subject: income from work
  topic: keywords
subject: health economics
  topic: keywords
subject: economic and social development
  topic: keywords
subject: Brazil
  topic: keywords
subject: mental health
  topic: keywords
subject: labor market
  topic: keywords
subject: gender differences
  topic: keywords
creator: Bianca Vieira Benedicto
creator: Laís de Sousa Abreu Soares
creator: Evandro Camargos Teixeira
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Sociedad y Economía http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2024-12-31
publication date: 2024-12-31
starting page: e10713098
ending page: e10713098
doi: 10.25100/sye.v0i53.13098

Overeducation Among University Graduates in STEM Fields in Peru
type: item
description: Introduction Investment in STEM education and its relationship with salary returns is inconsistent, highlighting the need to study the characteristics and effects of the mismatch between these two variables. Objective To identify the factors that explain the mismatch between education and employment among university graduates in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields, as well as its effects on wages. Methodology The study used data from Peru’s 2014 National Survey of University Graduates and Universities, measuring mismatch through the self-assessment method. A Partial Generalized Ordered Logit Model was applied to analyze the determinants associated with mild and severe mismatch levels, with emphasis on the latter. Additionally, wage penalties associated with mismatch were estimated using the Propensity Score Matching technique. Results The findings show that 69% of STEM graduates experience employment mismatch, one of the highest rates in Latin America and higher than those reported in developed countries. Conclusions The main determinants of severe mismatch are the graduates’ personal characteristics, origin, and educational trajectory. The wage penalty for mismatched STEM graduates was approximately 24% compared to those adequately employed, exceeding the penalties observed in Europe, Asia, and North America.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: educational prospecting
  topic: keywords
subject: inclusive education
  topic: keywords
subject: STEM
  topic: keywords
subject: education and development
  topic: keywords
subject: university
  topic: keywords
subject: graduate
  topic: keywords
subject: professional status
  topic: keywords
subject: higher education
  topic: keywords
subject: science and technology
  topic: keywords
subject: salary
  topic: keywords
creator: José Enrique Mendoza-Pumapillo
creator: Miguel Ángel Ortiz-Chávez
creator: Josué Otoniel Dilas-Jiménez
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Sociedad y Economía http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2024-12-31
publication date: 2024-12-31
starting page: e10813274
ending page: e10813274
doi: 10.25100/sye.v0i53.13274

Market wage premium and publications of tenured faculty at Universidad de Costa Rica
type: item
description: Introduction Current Costa Rican policies on wage erosion for the public sector threaten to weaken the services provided including those related to research in academia. Objective The paper analyses the association between alternative wages and wage premiums with the number of publications by academic staff. Methodology This paper uses administrative data on the academic publications of tenured faculty at Universidad de Costa Rica to examine, using a Tobit regression analysis, the existing relationship between academic output and the opportunity cost that different people face in the labour market. Opportunity costs are imputed from wage equations estimated from the National Household Surveys. Results The findings indicate sizable differences in the wage premiums associated with the disciplines of study in the Costa Rican labour market: while physical education or nursing receive a wage penalty, careers in law or medicine report wages that are 40% above the average wage of other graduates. This higher labour market premium correlates with fewer academic publications, which suggests that people might respond to these higher opportunity costs by prioritizing alternative work opportunities. The results also confirm that the time it takes to get tenure is negatively associated with the number of publications. Conclusions Results highlight the potential for improving the institutional hiring policies by facilitating research activities for non-tenured faculty as well as the potential weakening of research activities due to the wage erosion policies.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: gender wage differential
  topic: keywords
subject: academia
  topic: keywords
subject: human capital
  topic: keywords
subject: publications
  topic: keywords
creator: Laura Cristina Blanco
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Sociedad y Economía http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-03-09
publication date: 2026-03-09
doi: 10.25100/sye.vi57.14688

Reseña. Mujeres al oriente de Cali: desigualdades al descubierto
type: item
description: Reseña. Mujeres al oriente de Cali: desigualdades al descubierto
subject: Book Review
  topic: section
subject: Mujeres
  topic: keywords
subject: brechas
  topic: keywords
subject: Cali
  topic: keywords
creator: Claudia Liceth Fajardo Hoyos
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Sociedad y Economía http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-04-20
publication date: 2025-04-20
doi: 10.25100/sye.v0i54.14680

How to measure, compare and evaluate electricity billing policies: towards an Indicator of tariff fairness and reasonableness
type: item
description: Since basic energy services are increasingly considered with greater certainty as instruments of the right to energy, the tariff principle of fairness and reasonableness is an element that will allow measuring the degree of balance in each energy service regime. The challenge, then, is to generate an indicator that serves as a reference, and that is the main objective of this article. For this purpose, first, the presentation of a particular electricity regime, the Argentinean one, is addressed, and then the mechanics of operationalization of the concept of “fairness and reasonableness” to the Tariff Fairness and Reasonableness Indicator is discussed. Then, the mathematical formulation of the indicator is presented with a breakdown of how each variable is calculated, including the weighted factor. Finally, conclusions on this first attempt to measure the energy services tariff policy and projections on how to further refine the measurement instrument are presented.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: tariff policy
  topic: keywords
subject: utilities
  topic: keywords
subject: right to energy
  topic: keywords
creator: Franco-David Hessling-Herrera
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Sociedad y Economía http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-08-31
publication date: 2025-08-31
doi: 10.25100/sye.v0i55.14658