Sociedad y Economía

Analysis of the relation between the possession of firearms and house robbery in Brazil

2024-05-06T17:57:10-05:00

The persistent criminality in Brazil raises questions about the dissemination of the possession of firearms in fighting crime. Thus, this study proposes to examine the relation between the possession of firearms in residences or specific condominiums and house robbery. For this purpose, Continuous National Household Sample Survey (PNADC) data, conducted in the last quarter of 2021, were employed in addition to the estimation of a Probit model. The results revealed that the possession of firearms does not present a significant statistical relation with the probability of the people of reference in residences being victims of house robbery, indicating that the fact the resident possesses a weapon has not been effective on persuading nor repelling the criminal behavior.

Wage Profile and Gender Gap in Science and Technology: Regional Disparities in Brazil

2025-06-09T14:42:55-05:00

Introduction

Economies with a strong STEM component tend to show better economic indicators and perform better in terms of innovation and job creation. However, little is known about wage distribution in STEM in Brazil and how it varies by gender and region.

Objective

This article aims to investigate the regional distribution and wage premium of the Brazilian STEM workforce, with a specific focus on gender disparities between STEM and non-STEM fields.

Methodology

Using microdata from the Annual Social Information Report (RAIS), we apply an econometric model that adapts the Oaxaca-Ransom wage decomposition.

Results

The STEM workforce represents 1.8% of the formal labor market and is unevenly distributed: the highest concentration is in the Southeast, and the lowest in the North and Northeast. Gender gaps in STEM vary by region, being smaller in core STEM areas and larger in those with higher female representation. Moreover, wage premiums are higher in the South than in the North.

Conclusion

Our findings highlight the geographical distribution of STEM employment across Brazilian regions and the regional differences in fields of knowledge. We observe that men receive higher wage premium than women across a broader range of activities.

COVID-19, macroeconomic performance and monetary policy efficiency of Latin American countries under Inflation Targeting: 2017-2022

2024-09-23T13:14:33-05:00

The COVID-19 pandemic introduced a significant adverse supply shock, leading to severe recessions and accelerated inflation across global economies. This study investigates the impact of the pandemic on the macroeconomic performance and monetary policy efficiency of Latin American countries operating under Inflation Targeting (IT). Utilizing the output-inflation variability efficiency frontier method, we decompose changes in macroeconomic performance into those driven by supply shock variability and those attributable to monetary policy efficiency. Our analysis of ten Latin American countries reveals a universal decline in macroeconomic performance during the pandemic. Notably, only the central banks of the Dominican Republic and Mexico demonstrated a partial mitigation of the adverse supply shock, underscoring the importance of efficient monetary policy in crisis management. These findings highlight the critical role of effective monetary policies in stabilizing economies during periods of heightened uncertainty.

The Historical Construction of the Mexican Transnational Community in Los Ángeles (1920-1940)

2024-10-17T02:27:24-05:00

The objective of this paper is to analyze the origin of the process of the Mexican transnational community in Los Angeles from the 1920s to the 1940s. Starting from the perspective of public spaces for “sociability” and everyday life, these helped to generate transnational degrees, helping the conformation of Mexican identity with the support of social support networks among migrants. The research develops the central elements of transnationalism: the references of inhabited public space, religious organizations, mutuals, media and practices, as well as the category of sociabilities of the historical discipline. The methodological design is qualitative in nature and articulates the historical events of the transnational community in the creation of the different “transnational spheres” of migrants and the development of practices in the Californian southeast.

Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions in Mexican Literature

2024-11-08T20:23:20-05:00

This research is based on Hofstede’s work about Cultural Dimensions applied specifically to Mexican culture as it appears in the work of famous Mexican literature writers. The research made by Hofstede on 74 countries describe some traits that are common to these countries in different degrees, and serve as a basis for further studies regarding the particular and profound meaning that each country gives to that dimensions. In the case of this study an analysis is made of the three dimensions where Mexico scores highly: Power Distance, Masculinity and Indulgence. The research method is based on the analysis of Mexican literature and history due to the holistic and integrative character of these two disciplines. The findings corroborate greatly the high scores of these three dimensions, and give an explanation of their psychological meaning for Mexican people.

Italian Immigrants in the Corrientes Elite: Marriages in the City of Corrientes (1831-1914)

2024-12-11T06:29:56-05:00

Este artículo propone, en primer lugar, estudiar las pautas matrimoniales de los inmigrantes oriundos de la península itálica, establecidos en la ciudad de Corrientes, a partir del análisis de actas matrimoniales, religiosas y civiles. En segundo lugar, aborda las uniones de aquellos peninsulares que se integraron a la élite correntina. Con estos objetivos se consultan, además de las actas mencionadas, fuentes documentales como expedientes administrativos y protocolos notariales. La sociedad correntina, y particularmente la élite, se mostraron permeables al ingreso de peninsulares a sus familias y propiciaron uniones de sus mujeres con los hombres foráneos más prósperos, aunque el matrimonio no significase la única vía de ingreso a la alta sociedad.

How to measure, compare and evaluate electricity billing policies: towards an Indicator of tariff fairness and reasonableness

2024-12-18T05:26:14-05:00

Since basic energy services are increasingly considered with greater certainty as instruments of the right to energy, the tariff principle of fairness and reasonableness is an element that will allow measuring the degree of balance in each energy service regime. The challenge, then, is to generate an indicator that serves as a reference, and that is the main objective of this article. For this purpose, first, the presentation of a particular electricity regime, the Argentinean one, is addressed, and then the mechanics of operationalization of the concept of “fairness and reasonableness” to the Tariff Fairness and Reasonableness Indicator is discussed. Then, the mathematical formulation of the indicator is presented with a breakdown of how each variable is calculated, including the weighted factor. Finally, conclusions on this first attempt to measure the energy services tariff policy and projections on how to further refine the measurement instrument are presented.

When care transcends the human: Afrodescendant women and their defense of common goods in Bocas del Palo community council

2025-03-10T19:02:33-05:00

This paper reports on the struggle of women from the Afro-descendant community at Bocas del Palo Council (Jamundí, Colombia) in a context of deep inequalities and injustice. From the perspective of the ethics of care and socio-ecological justice, we explore herein how these women have developed resistance against environmental conflicts and, how through their worldviews and community organization, they have safeguarded both their community’s well-being and the natural environment. By combining qualitative and spatial methods, this study shows that their leadership has fostered alternative approaches to territorial management by integrating care for nature as a central dimension of justice and gender struggles. The findings also reveal how the actions of the community council have contributed to ecosystem conservation and have established an alternative strategy for defending and managing common goods in a territory marked by severe environmental conflicts.