Necesidades de atención y cuidados familiares para las personas mayores en Brasil
Contenido principal del artículo
Introducción
Con el envejecimiento de la población, la provisión de cuidados se ha convertido en un tema crucial en las políticas públicas. Sin embargo, nuestra com- prensión de las brechas en este ámbito aún pre- senta importantes limitaciones. La formulación de políticas eficaces no es posible, y la continua de- pendencia del cuidado familiar limita las opciones laborales de las mujeres, perpetuando las desigual- dades sociales y de género.
Objetivo
Utilizamos la Encuesta Nacional de Salud para iden- tificar las necesidades de cuidados y la carga del cuidado familiar en Brasil, contribuyendo a los de- bates actuales sobre las políticas de cuidados en Brasil y América Latina.
Metodología
Describimos cuánta ayuda necesitan los brasileños mayores de 60 años para las actividades de la vida diaria (AVD) y elaboramos estimaciones iniciales del tiempo necesario para estos cuidados. Utiliza- mos una regresión por mínimos cuadrados ordina- rios (MCO) para identificar las características de las personas que necesitan más ayuda y medimos la disponibilidad de familiares para atender estas ne- cesidades.
Resultados
De los brasileños mayores de 60 años que repor- tan dificultades con al menos una AVD, alrededor del 25% requeriría más de 10 horas semanales de asistencia. Quienes necesitan más ayuda suelen ser mujeres mayores, urbanas, que no pertenecen al cuartil de ingresos más alto y que viven con más adultos y más mujeres que no trabajan.
Conclusiones
Para muchas mujeres, la carga de cuidados es muy significativa. Estos hallazgos resaltan los costos de los cuidados familiares y la necesidad de políticas estatales que complementen dichos cuidados.
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